Based on this question in the Microsoft Forums and the answer from Microsoft in a related Connect feedback item, you can install the Developer edition of SQL Server 2016 or 2017 silently using the Evaluation edition media if you specify the product ID (PID) of 22222-00000-00000-00000-00000. You will either specify this on the command line using the /PID parameter or in the configuration file using PID.
I have tried this also with SQL Server 2017 RC2 and this technique with the same product ID works.
Microsoft does recommend that you use the Developer Edition media instead of this technique.